1. Titanium alloy material characteristics and processing performance

(1) High specific strength: Titanium alloy has small density and high strength, and its strength is greater than that of ultra-high strength steel.

(2) Poor thermal conductivity: The thermal conductivity of titanium alloy is small, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity is small, so it is difficult for heat to be transferred out of the chip area, resulting in the temperature of the cutting edge of the tool. The higher the degree of wear of the knife, the lower the tool life.

(3) The chemical properties are lively: The titanium alloy reacts with O, N, H and other elements in the air to form a work hardening layer under high temperature conditions. Makes cutting difficult; at the same time, the titanium alloy is easy to produce affinity with the tool material during processing, and the phenomenon of adhesion and diffusion occurs, resulting in a tool Wear faster.

(4) Small modulus of elasticity: The rebound of the workpiece during cutting is large, which may cause the wear of the tool flank and the deformation of the workpiece.

(5) Corrosion resistance: A dense oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the titanium alloy below 550 °C, so it is not easily oxidized further, to the atmosphere and the sea. Water, steam, and some acid, alkali, and salt media all have high anti-corrosion capabilities.

2. Basic principles of Titanium Machining

In the machining process, the selected tool materials, tool geometry and cutting parameters will affect the efficiency of titanium alloy cutting and machining. Economical, its processing principles are as follows.

2.1 Tool Materials

The tool material is an important factor that influences the cutting process, so as far as possible, use hard and good wear-resistant tool materials, such as carbide cutting tools, coated tools and high speed steel tools.

2.2 Tool geometry

When cutting difficult-to-machine materials, the proper tool geometry helps to maximize tool cutting performance and improve cutting efficiency. Machining titanium: There are three deformed areas in gold.

(1) Basic deformation area I: Large deformation, cutting force and cutting heat mainly from the area. By maintaining a sharp edge, arc transitions, etc., Reduce the friction coefficient and cutting temperature of titanium alloy processing to avoid sticking and chipping.

(2) Friction and cutting area of ​​chip and rake face II: It directly affects the rake face wear of the tool. By selecting a smaller rake angle to increase swarf and the length of the rake face reduces rake face wear.

(3) Worked surface and flank wear surface deformation area III: It has a great influence on the work hardening and tool back surface wear. By choosing the larger relief angle reduces the friction between the flank and the machined surface.

3. Titanium Machining Technology

3.1 Turning

Titanium alloy turning is easy to obtain good surface roughness, work hardening is not serious, but the cutting temperature is high, the tool wears fast. For these features Problems to be aware of when turning titanium alloys:

(1) Turning parameters should use low-speed cutting as much as possible, large depth of cut. For roughing, cutting speed 45~70 m/min, feed 0.10 to 0.15 mm/r; for finishing, cutting speed 80 to 100 m/min, feed 0.05 to 0.10 mm/r.

(2) Clamping force during finishing is not too high Large, reducing the amount of deformation of machined parts.

(3) After machining, press the last pass on the contour of the part. The route is reprocessed once to eliminate the deformation of the part caused by the cutting force and to make the knife.

3.2 Milling

Titanium milling is more difficult to turn than milling, because milling is interrupted cutting, and the chips are easy to bond with the blade edge, forming a chipping, greatly reducing the durability of the tool. Points to note when milling titanium alloys for these characteristics:

(1)Climb milling is generally adopted, and the depth of cutting is as follows Larger and Smaller, the chips are thicker and thinner, and the thin side always leaves the teeth at the end. The chips are easily broken and the tool life is improved.

(2) Rough processing

The impact on the processing quality is small, should choose large depth of cut, small feed, low speed; finishing should reduce the processing distortion, improve the surface quality, using High speed, small depth of cut.

(3) After the titanium alloy is processed, a hardened layer of 0.1 to 0.2 mm will be formed on the processed surface, so the secondary depth of cut should be Greater than 0.2 mm; allowance for unilateral roughing should be greater than 0.2 mm.

4. Processing characteristics

TC4 titanium alloy processing is very difficult, titanium and titanium alloy synthesis process in the crystal structure, physical properties and chemical properties, etc., with steel, aluminum alloys and many heavy metals are very different, the following three factors determine the titanium alloy is a poorly processed metal.

(1) Due to the instability of its chemical composition. TC4 titanium alloy will react with oxygen and nitrogen under thermal deformation, even with Some oxygen-containing gases react chemically. The reaction produces oxide scales that adhere to the surface of the workpiece. If the temperature is higher, it reaches temperatures above 900°C.

(2) The performance of cementite in the metallurgical structure belongs to a complex Fe-C compound with Vickers hardness up to HV1100., and impact toughness is almost nothing.

(3) The thermal conductivity is not high: the thermal conductivity of the titanium alloy is only about 1/15 of that of the aluminum alloy when compared with other alloys such as aluminum alloys. About 1/5 of steel. The thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of titanium alloys are much lower than that of aluminum alloys and steels, and they are only about 1/15 of that of aluminum alloys. About 2/7 of the impact on the surface quality of some titanium alloy parts is relatively large.

Titanium Machining Services

UYEE, a professional Titanium machining company based in China, focus on Titanium parts manufacturing services over 10 years. Titanium machined parts are widely used in electrochemical, medical and aerospace industries, contact us by Email (service@uyee-rapidprototype.com) if you are looking for Titanium machining supplier. More quantity, more discount!

How To Provide Quality CNC Titanium Machining Services ?

1.WHY TITANIUM(ADVANCES IN TITANIUM MACHINING)

Titanium boasts a great resistance to temperature, both high and lows. Its lightweight characteristics make it the perfect metal engineering material for the aerospace industry to anything from recreational planes, to ballistic missiles. Its lower cost to metals like model makes titanium a great material for higher-end consumer goods like golf clubs or bicycles, even it’s very common already.

There is one key challenge in the CNC machining of titanium today. This is rapidly metal removal rates with reasonable tool life. Fortunately, recent advances in machine tool and tooling technology have made the goal of high fast metal removal rates with longer tool life possible. As a result, now manufacturers can make high-quality titanium parts with shorter cycle times, increased tool life, and higher shop productivity. Obviously it’s important.

3.APPLICATION

With the increasing demand for titanium in recent years, it has become necessary for machine shops to adapt to it, and also, it is one of the features of machining capability. The metal of Titanium is significantly harder than other common metal material and the low thermal conductivity makes it very difficult to machine. And also, it requires the proper application of flood coolant to dissipate any heat during machining process. Otherwise, it will be in danger. Titanium is a very strong and lightweight refractory metal that used for implants and devices used within the body. Alloys of titanium are critical to the aerospace industry, however, due to their numerous unique properties, are also used in medical, automotive and military aircraft, as well as in kitchen components and sports device.

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